Papers on space, form, and the city

Written work developed alongside the studio, testing how spatial theory informs physical design decisions, how cities evolve, and how material histories shape adaptive reuse.

Published essays and studio treatises examine how cities change over time, how materials carry their histories into new work, and how adaptive reuse can extend a building's meaning. Each text is written to be read alongside the drawings and models it grew from.

Design research is included here as well: written arguments that trace how a theoretical question becomes a plan, a section, or a built detail. The aim is to make the reasoning behind each decision as legible as the decision itself.